Confused about disability benefits? You’re not alone. Many people struggle to understand the difference between SSI and SSDI. Let’s break it down in simple terms.
The Basics: What Are These Programs?
Think of SSI and SSDI as two different paths to getting help when you have a disability:
- SSI (Supplemental Security Income) is like a safety net. It helps people who have limited money and resources. You can get SSI if you’re disabled, blind or 65 and older – and importantly, if you have very limited income and savings.
- SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance) works more like insurance you earn through working. If you’ve worked and paid Social Security taxes for enough years, and then become disabled, SSDI provides monthly support.
To qualify for SSI, you need to meet certain requirements related to age, disability status, financial situation and residency. You must be at least 65 years old, blind or disabled according to the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) standards. Financially, SSI is intended for individuals with limited income and resources; you should have less than $2,000 in assets if single or less than $3,000 if married. Additionally, you must be a U.S. citizen or a qualified noncitizen and live in one of the 50 states, the District of Columbia or the Northern Mariana Islands. (It’s also important to apply for any other benefits you may qualify for to ensure you receive the maximum support available.)
In contrast, SSDI eligibility, is primarily based on your work history and medical condition. To qualify for SSDI, you typically need to have earned 40 work credits, with at least 20 of those credits earned in the last 10 years before your disability began. You must also have a medical condition that significantly limits your ability to work for at least 12 months or is expected to result in death. Unlike SSI, SSDI does not have limits on income or resources; instead, it focuses on whether you have paid into Social Security through your job. This program is designed to support those who can no longer work due to their disability.
How They’re Different
Who Can Get Help
For SSI:
- You need to have very limited income and resources (less than $2,000 in savings for individuals)
- Your work history doesn’t matter
- You must be disabled, blind or 65 or older
For SSDI:
- You need enough work history (usually 5 out of the last 10 years)
- Your income and savings don’t matter for eligibility
- You must be disabled
Where the Money Comes From
SSI is funded by general taxes – the same pool of money that pays for things like roads and schools.
SSDI comes from Social Security taxes taken from paychecks – the same ones that fund retirement benefits.
How Much You Get
SSI has set payment amounts:
- Individuals can get up to $914 per month (2025)
- Couples can get up to $1,371 per month (2025)
- Some states add extra money to these amounts
SSDI payments depend on how much you earned while working:
- Higher earnings generally mean higher payments
- The average payment is typically higher than SSI
Healthcare Coverage
SSI usually entitles you to Medicaid right away in most states.
SSDI entitles you to Medicare, but you typically need to wait 24 months after qualifying (some conditions, like ALS, don’t have a waiting period).
Working While Receiving Benefits
SSI reduces your benefits based on how much you earn, almost dollar for dollar.
SSDI lets you try working for a while (called a trial work period) without losing benefits. After that, the rules are more flexible than SSI about earning extra income.
What This Could Mean for You
- If you’ve worked for many years and become disabled, look into SSDI first.
- If you haven’t worked much or have very limited resources, SSI might be your best option.
- Some people can qualify for both programs at the same time.
Next Steps
If you think you might qualify for either program:
- Check your work history (especially for SSDI).
- Consider utilizing a representative to help you through the application process
- Apply for benefits directly or through a representative
Remember, getting approved can take time, so it’s better to start the process sooner rather than later. Don’t be afraid to ask for help – these programs exist to support people who need them.
